Echocardiographic cardiac damage classification and clinical outcomes in atrial functional mitral regurgitation

Figures

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  Central Figure.. The REVEAL-AFMR registry was an observational, multicenter, retrospective registry from January to December 2019, enrolling patients with moderate to severe atrial functional mitral regurgitation (AFMR). Cardiorenal anemia syndrome (CRAS) was present in 25.4% of patients with AFMR and significantly associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes (hazard ratio (HR), 2.36; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.80–3.09; P<0.001). ACD, all-cause death; CKD, chronic kidney disease; HF, heart failure.

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  Figure 1.. Study flowchart. The REVEAL-AFMR registry enrolled patients with moderate-to-severe AFMR. A total of 957 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 243 (25.4%) were diagnosed with CRAS. AFMR, atrial functional mitral regurgitation; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CRAS, cardiorenal anemia syndrome; HF, heart failure; LA, left atrial; MR, mitral regurgitation; MV, mitral valve; REVEAL-AFMR, Real-World Observational Study for Investigating the Prevalence and Therapeutic Options for Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation; SAM, systolic anterior motion.

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  Figure 2.. Prevalence of CRAS and its components stratified by MR severity. CKD, chronic kidney disease; CRAS, cardiorenal anemia syndrome; HF, heart failure; MR, mitral regurgitation.

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  Figure 3.. Cumulative incidences of cardiovascular events in patients with/without CRAS. ACD, all-cause death; CRAS, cardiorenal anemia syndrome; HF, heart failure.

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  Figure 4.. Cumulative incidences of cardiovascular events in patients with/without CRAS stratified by (A) MR severity and (B) treatment for MR. The cumulative incidence of cardiovascular events was higher in patients with CRAS across all degrees of MR severity than in those without, regardless of whether the patients underwent medical therapy, transcatheter mitral valve repair, or mitral valve surgery. CRAS, cardiorenal anemia syndrome; MR, mitral regurgitation.