Key result
Steroids plus anticoagulation resolve intracardiac thrombus and reverse encephalopathy in hypereosinophilic syndrome.
Why the study?
Neurological manifestations as the earliest clinical presentation of hypereosinophilic syndrome are rare and not well characterized.
Case Report (n=1)
Hypereosinophilic syndrome with Loeffler endocarditis should be considered in the diagnostic assessment of rare stroke etiologies, as neurological involvement can be the earliest manifestation.
Therapy resolved thrombus and encephalopathy in one case; hypothesis-generating for hypereosinophilic syndrome and requires prospective validation.
Background: /μL on two different examinations within a month of each other and/or a 20% or higher percentage of eosinophils in a bone marrow section, associated with organ damage. Rarely, neurological manifestations may occur, even in the early stages. We report a case of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome with Loeffler endocarditis presenting with multiple bilateral strokes and encephalopathy as the first clinical manifestations. Summary: Hypereosinophilia and echocardiographic findings suggested a Loeffler's endocarditis. Blood hyperviscosity and small vessels inflammation induced by the hypereosinophilia itself, the embolization of intracardiac thrombus, along with the impaired clearance of microthrombi in the watershed areas, are the main mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of stroke in the hypereosinophilic syndrome. Additionally, encephalopathy could be considered as a consequence of multiple cerebral infarcts and neurotoxicity induced by hypereosinophilia since our patient's confusion and aggressive behavior gradually remitted after steroid therapy was started. Key Messages: To the best of our knowledge, our case report is a rare instance highlighting neurological involvement as the earliest manifestation of hypereosinophilia. We aimed to elucidate the central nervous system involvement in this intriguing disorder, with the goal of encouraging clinicians to consider hypereosinophilic syndrome in the diagnostic assessment of rare stroke etiologies.
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Romano et al. (2024) conducted a case report in Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome with Loeffler endocarditis, multiple cerebral infarcts, and encephalopathy (n=1). Steroid and anticoagulant therapy was evaluated on Clinical and radiological improvement. Steroid and anticoagulant therapy led to a significant reduction in hypereosinophilia, remission of encephalopathy, and resolution of the intracardiac thrombus in a patient with hypereosinophilic syndrome.
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