Nanomaterials have remarkable mechanical properties attributable to the surface, volume, and quantum effects of nanoparticles. As nanoparticles are introduced in a common material, these particles will enhance the grain to a certain range, forming an intragranular structure, which refines the grain boundary and improves the mechanical properties of materials. The aim of this research is to clarify the effect of nano Sn partial substitution on the structure and mechanical properties of BiSrCaCuO system. Solid state reaction methods are used to synthesize and substitute series samples of Bi-2223 with different weight percentages of Tin nanoparticles. The prepared samples are characterized structurally by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The investigations verified the formation of the low and high phases without altering their orthorhombic structure. Static Vickers hardness test is done at room temperature to investigate their mechanical properties performance with various applied loads. The values of the Vickers microhardness Hv, Young modulus E and yield strength Y have shown improvement with increasing Sn content in the compounds.
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Abbas et al. (2026) studied this question.
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