Associations of apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, and their ratio with novel cardiometabolic indices in adults with coronary artery disease

Background Circulating apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) have been proposed as vital biomarkers in the pathological process of coronary heart disease (CAD). However, their associations with novel cardiometabolic indices [triglyceride glucose body mass index (TyG-BMI), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and atherogenic index (AI)] remain scarce in CAD patients. Methods A total of 11,934 patients with CAD (average age: 61.7 years) were included in this hospital-based cross-sectional study. TyG-BMI, AIP, and AI were calculated using the following formulas: TyG index = Ln[FBG (mg/dL) × triglyceride (mg/dL)/2], Log[triglyceride (mg/dL)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, mg/dL)], and non-HDL-C (mg/dL)/HDL-C (mg/dL). Results Overall, serum ApoA1 was inversely associated with TyG-BMI, AIP, and AI, while ApoB and the ApoB/A1 ratio exhibited positive associations with TyG-BMI, AIP, and AI. In multivariable analysis, ApoA1 was inversely associated with cardiometabolic indices [TyG-BMI Q(quartile)4 vs. Q1 : 225.800 vs. 228.217, AIP Q4 vs. Q1 : 0.356 vs. 0.478, AI Q4 vs. Q1 : 1.928 vs. 2.525]. In contrast, ApoB and the ApoB/A1 ratio were positively associated with cardiometabolic indices. The corresponding values for TyG-BMI, AIP, and AI were 236.772 (vs. 217.018) and 236.724 (vs. 216.873), 0.478 (vs. 0.304) and 0.512 (vs. 0.285), and 3.097 (vs. 1.652) and 3.159 (vs. 1.544) in Q4 group of ApoB and ApoB/A1 ratio compared with Q1 group. Similar results were observed in the subgroup analysis stratified by sex. Conclusions ApoA1 was inversely associated with novel cardiometabolic indices (TyG-BMI, AIP, and AI) in CAD patients, while ApoB and the ApoB/A1 ratio demonstrated significant positive associations with these cardiometabolic indices.