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Summary The horizontal personal space requirements of 48 adult S s were examined under two conditions of vertical space. S s were matched by height and sex and assigned to a high or low ceiling height. S s told an approaching stranger to stop when the approacher's closeness made them feel uncomfortable. A significant result was that, as the distance between the ceiling and the top of the head was reduced, more personal space was required for the S s to feel comfortable. This finding supports a bubble model of personal space. No significant difference was found between the personal space requirements of males and females. The interaction between sex and ceiling height was not significant.
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Cochran et al. (1982) studied this question.
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