Exploring Public Awareness of Kidney Failure and Its Management in Sialkot, Punjab

Background: Background: Kidney failure is a significant public health concern with high morbidity and mortality. Public awareness is crucial for early detection, prevention, and management of this condition.Objective: To evaluate the level of awareness, knowledge gaps, and factors influencing kidney failure awareness among residents of Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from May to August 2024, involving 422 participants selected through convenience sampling. A structured and validated questionnaire collected socio-demographic data and knowledge about kidney failure, its risk factors, symptoms, diagnostics, and treatments. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, employing descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression. Ethical approval was obtained in adherence to the Declaration of Helsinki.Results: Of the 422 participants, 81.8% reported moderate awareness, while 18.2% had no knowledge of kidney failure. Awareness was significantly associated with education (p < 0.001), age (p = 0.03), and urban residence (p = 0.01). Only 26.5% identified all major risk factors, while 25.4% were aware of dialysis. Higher education (OR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.56–5.32) and urban residence (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.12–3.45) were strong predictors of awareness.Conclusion: Despite moderate awareness, significant knowledge gaps remain, particularly in rural and less-educated populations. Targeted educational interventions are essential to bridge these gaps and promote effective kidney disease management.