Hypertension awareness among university students: the impact of education and societal factors

Aims: Hypertension (HT) is a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality, contributing significantly to the burden of cardiovascular diseases. Despite its widespread prevalence, HT is often underdiagnosed and poorly managed, particularly among younger populations. This study investigates HT awareness among university students, focusing on the impact of education, gender, and lifestyle practices. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 546 students from various academic disciplines using an online questionnaire that assessed demographics, HT awareness, lifestyle factors, and blood pressure monitoring habits. Statistical comparisons were performed using independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and correlation analyses. Results: Study results revealed notable disparities in HT awareness and behaviors. Medical students demonstrated higher awareness of risk factors, diagnostic thresholds, and BP monitoring practices compared to non-medical students. Females consistently exhibited healthier lifestyle behaviors, including lower smoking prevalence, greater physical activity, and proactive BP monitoring. Awareness of dietary factors contributing to HT was moderate (62.8%), but knowledge of diagnostic BP thresholds was alarmingly low (22.9%), even among medical students. Family history of cardiovascular diseases positively influenced HT awareness, while beliefs about COVID-19’s impact on BP regulation highlighted gaps in health literacy. Conclusion: The findings underscore the critical role of formal education and targeted interventions in enhancing HT awareness. Integrating basic health education into non-medical curricula, addressing gender-specific disparities through tailored campaigns, and promoting familial health education are vital strategies for mitigating the long-term cardiovascular risks associated with undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension among young adults.