AI algorithms empowered terahertz functional devices design and perception applications

Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have profoundly reshaped scientific research paradigms, providing data-driven, automated, and intelligent solutions to problems traditionally constrained by complexity and inefficiency. Recently, the integration of AI with terahertz (THz) technology has emerged as a highly significant research area. This is because AI algorithms not only facilitate the design of metasurface devices but also assist in the processing of data from THz-related research. We reviewed recent research progress from two major perspectives. 1) Device structural design: AI has been applied in inverse modeling and parameter optimization, substantially improving design efficiency and expanding functional diversity. 2) Practical applications: AI enhances THz data analysis capabilities and imaging quality, enabling more accurate and efficient approaches for non-destructive detection, material identification, and biomedical exploration. We summarized the main advances and controversies, established an integrated framework of device design and application, and highlighted future directions.