Surgery is entering a period of accelerated transformation driven by artificial intelligence, robotics, and emerging postmodern medical technologies. Unlike prior technological shifts, innovation cycles are compressing into years, challenging established models of evidence generation, regulation, training, and professional identity. This Perspective examines plausible trajectories for digital surgery, emphasizing ethical, educational, and institutional adaptation under conditions of continuous technological acceleration rather than offering definitive predictions.
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Weaver et al. (2026) studied this question.
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