Assessment of Genotoxic Effects on Micronuclei in Exfoliated Buccal Cells of Cigarette Smokers Using a Micronucleus Assay

A model of muscle contraction is proposed, assuming loose coupling between power strokes and ATP hydrolysis of a myosin head. The energy borrowing mechanism is introduced in a cross-bridge cycle that borrows energy from the environment to cover the necessary energy for enthalpy production during sliding movement. Important premises for modeling are as follows: 1) the interaction area where a myosin head slides is supposed to be on an actin molecule; 2) the actomyosin complex is assumed to generate force