Deradicalisation Policies in Belgium, Denmark and Sweden

This study examines deradicalisation programs in Belgium, Denmark, and Sweden, selected as contrasting yet representative democratic states with established security infrastructures. Using a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) with fuzzy sets, the research evaluates the effectiveness of these programs based on four key factors: state oversight and funding, integration of security forces, legal frameworks for information sharing, and voluntariness combined with trust-building approaches. Findings indicate that while all programs are effective within their national contexts, direct implementation in another country is complex. For the Czech Republic, the study recommends adopting elements from the Belgian and Swedish models, which emphasise trust-building and psychosocial support, and do not require full integration of security services. If legislative reforms enable broader information sharing, the more comprehensive Danish model could also be suitable. This research provides practical guidance for policymakers aiming to design or refine deradicalisation initiatives.