Association Between Blood Pressure Levels and Stroke Severity in Hypertensive Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background: Hypertension is a major modifiable risk factor for acute ischemic stroke and plays a significant role in determining stroke severity and outcomes. Elevated blood pressure at the time of presentation may influence cerebral perfusion and infarct progression. Understanding the relationship between blood pressure levels and stroke severity is essential for optimizing early management strategies and improving prognosis in hypertensive stroke patients. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 50 hypertensive patients aged above 40 years diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke. Blood pressure levels at presentation were recorded, including systolic and diastolic values. Stroke severity was assessed clinically based on neurological deficits such as motor, sensory, and speech involvement. The duration of hypertension was documented. All patients underwent neuroimaging with CT scan and MRI where required. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the association between blood pressure levels, duration of hypertension, and stroke severity. Results: Among the study population, high systolic blood pressure (≥160 mmHg) was observed in 48% of patients (24 out of 50), while elevated diastolic blood pressure (≥100 mmHg) was seen in 58% of cases (29 out of 50). Severe stroke, defined as combined motor, sensory, and speech deficits, was more frequently associated with elevated systolic BP. Stage 2 hypertension was the most common category at presentation (58%). Patients with a longer duration of hypertension (>5 years) showed increased severity of stroke, indicating a positive correlation between hypertension duration and neurological outcome. Conclusion: Elevated blood pressure at presentation is significantly associated with increased stroke severity in hypertensive patients with acute ischemic stroke. A longer duration of hypertension further contributes to adverse clinical outcomes. Early detection, strict blood pressure control, and long-term management of hypertension are essential to reduce stroke severity and improve patient outcomes.