Key result
GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2 inhibitors reduce MACE and heart failure hospitalizations in type 2 diabetes.
Why the study?
New glucose-lowering therapies GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2 inhibitors have demonstrated cardiovascular benefits, prompting guideline updates and expanded indications beyond glycaemic management.
Supports guideline-directed use of GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2 inhibitors in high-risk T2D; extends cardiorenal benefits of SGLT-2 inhibitors irrespective of diabetes status.
Prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main objectives in the management of people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). New glucose-lowering therapies such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors have demonstrated not only cardiovascular safety but also cardiovascular benefits. In line with emerging evidence from the cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs), major international guidelines advocate GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2 inhibitors with proven cardiovascular benefits as a first add-on or monotherapy in individuals with T2DM and established CVD or CVD risk factors. Based on subsequent cardiorenal outcomes and heart failure trials, the licensed indications of some SGLT-2 inhibitors have been extended beyond glycaemic management. SGLT-2 inhibitors have now been approved for the management of chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease, both irrespective of diabetes status. This review aims to summarise the CVOTs of GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2 inhibitors from the clinician’s perspective.
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Min et al. (2023) conducted a review in Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2 inhibitors vs. Placebo or standard of care was evaluated. GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2 inhibitors demonstrate both cardiovascular safety and significant benefits, including reductions in major adverse cardiovascular events and hospitalizations for heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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