Time trend in hospitalisations for acute myocardial infarction among young adults in Brazil: 2015–2024

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to analyse the temporal trend of hospitalisations due to AMI in young people in Brazil, from 2015 to 2024. METHODS: This is an ecological time-series study (2015-2024), with data from the Hospital Information System, on hospitalisations due to AMI in young people, considering individuals aged between 10 and 29 years. The data were analysed using the Prais-Winsten method, with a significance level of 5%, where the temporal trend of the hospitalisations of AMI in young people was calculated. RESULTS: 10,100 AMI cases were reported, corresponding to an approximate hospitalisation rate of 1.56 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year. From 2015 to 2024, hospitalisations for AMI among young people increased significantly (coefficient = 0.09), with the highest rises in the South (0.13) and Midwest (0.23) regions. Dividing the interval into two subperiods revealed that from 2015 to 2019, all coefficients were positive, but only the South region exhibited a statistically significant trend (coefficient = 0.07). In the next period, 2020-2024, Brazil showed an upward trend in AMI hospitalisations (coefficient = 0.15), with the Northeast (coefficient = 0.09), South (coefficient = 0.25), and Midwest (coefficient = 0.29) regions also demonstrating significant increases. CONCLUSION: The study indicates an upward trend in AMI in the young Brazilian population, reiterating the epidemiological transition, which points to the urgent need to reorient public health policies, focusing on early prevention, timely diagnosis and reducing social and racial inequalities that influence cardiovascular risk in young people.