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Version 2 of the preprint originally titled “Cross-Orbit Scaling of 4πrv² in Planetary Systems: A Mass-Independent Path–Velocity Analysis.” This revised manuscript defines the model force parameter as frequency weighted by effective area (Fₑ = Aₑf) and examines the volumetric relation Hₑ = λₑFₑ = Vₑf, with λₑ = 4πr. Planetary and satellite tables compare approximately common volumetric rates within systems sharing a center. The revision explains the two-component equivalent path, adds planetary frequency, effective-area and effective-volume tables, and simplifies the algebraic presentation. Definitional identities and orbital scaling are distinguished from the proposed electromagnetic interpretation, which requires independent physical testing.
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Kadir Gürel (2026) studied this question.
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