Key result
Postmortem 1% TTC staining detects acute myocardial infarction with ~69% sensitivity and ~77% specificity.
Why the study?
Post-mortem histochemical detection of early myocardial infarction using TTC technique is based on enzyme depletion in necrotic myocardium, but its diagnostic accuracy needed evaluation.
Observational (n=75)
No
Effect estimate: Sensitivity 69.4%, Specificity 76.9%
TTC staining aids forensic detection of early post-mortem MI; leaves open standardization and larger validation studies.
Background: Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of mortality in the world. More than 17 millionpeople die each year as a result of myocardial infarctions. Post-mortem histochemical detection of earlymyocardial infarction using 2,3,5-Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride (TTC) technique is based on the factthat ischemic myocardial cells lose their membrane integrity and release dehydrogenase enzyme into theblood stream, resulting in decrease or total depletion of these enzymes within the necrotic areas of themyocardium, and so, after immersion in TTC solution, enzyme depleted necrotic myocardium will notretain TTC dye and therefore appears as pale/yellow areas. Materials and Methods: This prospectivepostmortem study was conducted at Medicolegal Directorate in Baghdad city during the period fromMarch 2020 to December 2020. Myocardial specimens were isolated from 75 cases of sudden natural deathand were subjected to 1% TTC solution staining for gross assessment, and subsequently, tissue samples weretaken from suspected areas, processed and stained with H&E for histopathological evaluation and detectionof a possible acute myocardial infarction. Results: The mean age of studied cases was 50.3 ±12.57 years,ranging from 18 to 78 years, median age was 53 years. Males constituted the majority of cases (80%). Caseswere predominantly within 40-59 years age group (58%). The postmortem interval was ranging from 2 to17 hours (mean= 8.6 ±3.6 hours). After immersion in 1% TTC solution, 45 myocardial specimens showedmacroscopic pale/yellow areas which were indicative of acute myocardial infarcts within the ventricularwall, while histopathological examination of specimens revealed features of acute myocardial infarction(AMI) in 62 specimens. TTC stain was found to have a diagnostic sensitivity of 69.4% and specificity of76.9% in postmortem detection of AMI. Conclusion: The TTC technique allows identification of earlymyocardial necrosis. It’s practical, reliable and valid method that promises to be of considerable value. Itcan be used together with histopathology for postmortem detection of visually unapparent acute myocardialinfarcts.
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Abdulridha et al. (2021) conducted an observational in Sudden natural death / suspected acute myocardial infarction (n=75). Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride (TTC) technique vs. Histopathological evaluation (H&E stain) was evaluated on Postmortem detection of acute myocardial infarction (Sensitivity 69.4%, Specificity 76.9%). Postmortem macroscopic assessment using 1% Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride (TTC) staining demonstrated a diagnostic sensitivity of 69.4% and specificity of 76.9% for detecting acute myocardial infarction.
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