The Effects of Glibenclamide on Cognitive Performance, Quality of Life, and Emotional Aspects Among Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is associated with a high incidence of long-term cognitive impairment, decreased quality of life (QoL), and psychiatric disorders. The effects of glibenclamide on such outcomes in the setting of aSAH are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of glibenclamide in patients with aSAH on cognitive performance, QoL, and emotional aspects. METHODS: Patients identified with aSAH were randomly allocated to receive 5 mg of glibenclamide for 21 days or placebo, starting within 96 hours of the ictus. After 6 months, patients were evaluated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment test (cognitive performance), Medical Outcomes Short-form Health Survey (QoL), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Screen for Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms (emotional aspects). RESULTS: The mean Montreal Cognitive Assessment score was 22.5 ± 6.2. No statistically significant difference was found between groups, with a mean score of 21.7 ± 6.4 in the Glibenclamide group and 23.4 ± 6.2 in the placebo group (P = 0.392). A score <23 was observed in 16 patients (35.6%) and its frequency was similar between groups (P = 0.900). The most frequently impaired domains were Attention (N = 21/45; 46.7%) and Visuospatial (18/45; 40.0%). Impairment of each domain was similar between groups (P > 0.05). In each domain, the mean score was similar between groups (P > 0.05). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores did not differ between groups (P > 0.05). The mean Screen for Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms score as well as the mean scores of its domains were similar between groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Glibenclamide did not improve cognitive performance, QoL, and emotional aspects after 6 months of follow-up of aSAH survivors.