An infinitary ordinal characterization of universal simultaneous fictitious-play convergence for finite normal-form games, covering every initial profile and every legal tie choice. The result is a mathematical characterization, not a finite decision algorithm. Contents. Original proof PDF and LaTeX source, a complete research archive with pinned GitHub source snapshots and existing release assets, and a provenance manifest. The archive retains available verification records, source audits, reproducibility instructions and Lean source files. Original files are preserved byte-for-byte. Status. Author-submitted preprint and accompanying research materials. GitHub submission and Zenodo deposit do not constitute independent peer review or catalogue acceptance. This deposit records the existing results and their stated scope; archival checks do not certify mathematical correctness or replace a Lean build. AI use. The hand-proof manuscript and its supporting research materials were developed with GPT Codex assistance, including proof development and AI-assisted checks, as documented in the original repository. These checks are not represented as independent human peer review. Source versions. universal-fictitious-play-characterization — 3b8b3f05ce9fc6cfbd8a611591ec887398f7fe23 Rights. CC BY 4.0 applies to the author-controlled materials that did not already carry a license. Existing file-level licenses, copyright notices and third-party attributions remain in force. Original manuscript and repository files have not been edited for this deposit.
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Ji Ho Bae (2026) studied this question.
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