This paper treats time not as an independent dimension but as a reading of the distance over which the observer's space has unfolded. Light is the end that every observer shares as a common reference, and what moves is the observer's side. Light is measured at c by anyone because the observer's space unfolds from that end at the same rate c. Taking the Earth as 1, the rate at which time flows, λ, is 0 at the photon, and everything in between lies on a single axis. The photon sits exactly at that end, and everything mixed with mass is a limit that only approaches it. The unfolding stretches or compresses by compounding (powers of e), and its factor is set by mass and energy. Part 1 sets up formulas from these principles and checks them against values already measured. One point on the light side appears divided, on the observer's side, into as many parts as there are forks. From this picture follow the double-slit pattern, the correlations of all four entangled states, the impossibility of signalling by entanglement, and a CHSH value of 2.83 (measured 2.70). Read as compounding, the redshift keeps every recession speed below c. Gravity is not a force but the gradient of the rate of time; from ln λ = −GM/(rc²) follow Newtonian gravity and four weak-gravity measurements (gravitational redshift, light bending, the perihelion of Mercury, the Shapiro delay). Part 2 gathers directions that follow from the same principles but are not yet settled by measurement: an attempt to explain why probability is a square from the area of a sphere, the conditions for being born entangled, the photon-like character of particles with mass, and black holes. A black hole is not a special object but a large lump of mass. Its boundary is not a sharp line but a region from which most light cannot get out, and it looks like a boundary because λ shrinks rapidly by compounding. What is mixed with mass cannot reach the end (λ = 0), so there is no singularity inside. Gathering the whole mass of the universe into one point might reach the end. The motion of the mass inside makes the boundary ripple, and its turning becomes heat through friction-like processes and escapes, so the mass can decrease imperceptibly. Because mass and energy only make λ smaller, there is no place where λ is larger than in empty space, and no place for a wormhole. If anything in Part 2 proves wrong, the formulas of Part 1 and their comparison with measurement stand unchanged.
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Jeong sam Seo (2026) studied this question.
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