Dunaliella: A review on production, bioactive compounds, and pharmacological importance

Dunaliella , a green, halophilic microalga, is recognized for its remarkable adaptability to hypersaline environments and its ability to synthesize a wide range of high-value metabolites. While previous reviews have primarily focused on its biochemical properties or cultivation techniques, the present study offers a comprehensive overview that integrates its biological characteristics, production strategies, commercial relevance, and pharmacological potential. This review highlights the significance of selected Dunaliella species, including D. salina, D. bardawil, D. tertiolecta, D. primolecta, D. viridis, D. parva, and D. bioculata, in global industries, with a focus on their contributions to the nutraceuticals and pharmaceutical markets. Dunali ella species are abundant in bioactive compounds, including β-carotene (up to 16%), glycerol (up to 50%), and protein (20–40%), which contribute to their wide applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical sectors. These bioactive components exhibit diverse pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. This review underscores the growing pharmacological significance and production strategies of Dunaliella and aims to facilitate future research and advancements by emphasizing its role as a sustainable source of high-value bioactive compounds.