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In the 1 mol % Li 2 O excess (Na x K 0.98- x Li 0.02 )(Nb 0.8 Ta 0.2 )O 3 ( x = 0.47–0.53) system, lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were developed by conventional sintering. The grain growth behavior and piezoelectric properties in these ceramics have been investigated. Abnormal grain growth in the samples was observed upon varying the Na/K ratio and sintering temperature. In the sample sintered at 1000 °C for 4 h with x = 0.51, the electromechanical coupling factor ( k P ) and piezoelectric coefficient ( d 33 ) were found to reach their highest values of 0.46 and 290 pC/N, respectively.
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Kim et al. (2009) studied this question.
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