Current Applications and Development Status of Anode Materials with 3D Nanostructures for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered strong alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of their low cost and the abundance of sodium resources. However, their commercialization is limited by their low capacity, poor cycling stability, and unfavorable redox potentials. Recent advancements have been made in SIBs anode materials, including alloy-based, carbon-based, and three-dimensional (3D) nanostructured materials. Despite these improvements, SIBs anode materials still suffer from an unstable cycle life and slow kinetics. This review focuses on 3D nanostructured anode materials for SIBs. The advantages of various 3D anode materials and their optimization strategies are summarized. In addition, we discuss the potential of developing high-performance SIB anode materials.