Study of optimum photovoltaic energy ingress in conventional grid system without compromising stability margins

Due to growing energy demand, rising greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and a rising global average temperature, replacing fossil fuels with sustainable renewable energy sources is the ultimate global target. However, variable renewable energy sources have repercussions for existing grid systems due to their inherent volatility and uncertainty. Such drastic variations can lead to transient stability issues and need to be considered when planning high ingress of renewable energy sources in a conventional grid system. This paper provides an optimization model based on the genetic algorithm technique to allow maximum possible photovoltaic (PV) energy ingress in the system, keeping system parameters within stipulated stability limits. Certain design variables have also been defined and constrained to achieve the optimization objective. The resulting design variables from the optimization model are then plugged into the IEEE 30-bus test system for simulation of transient stability. The system shows complete recovery from the applied transient disturbance from sudden generation and load drop events.