Self-rated oral health among parents with and without a migrant background in Western Norway: associations with sociodemographic factors, dental care utilization, and dietary habits

Aim(s) A lack of priority for oral health during the migration process often results in poor oral health outcomes. This study examines parental oral health practices that affect the oral health outcomes of migrants in Western Norway and identifies key areas to reduce disparities. We explore associations between socio-demographic factors and oral health-related behaviors with self-reported oral health and how these can affect oral health outcomes, while considering the effects of migrant health and oral health impact. We aim to inform targeted interventions and policies to reduce health disparities, improve dental service utilization, and promote equitable oral health across diverse populations. Methods Data were gathered through a cross-sectional survey [45] from a representative sample of parents with children in either kindergarten or elementary school. The sample ( n = 600) included 300 migrants and 300 non-migrants (Norwegian parents). Information was collected on self-perceived oral health, socio-demographics, dental visits, and dietary habits. Results Mean age of the participants was 39.11 ± 6.45 years, with females representing 62% of the study population. Migrant status was not a significant predictor of self-reported oral health (OR = 0.93, p = .667). Participants from Asian regions had 57% lower odds of reporting worse oral health. However, dental visits (OR = 0.25, p < .001) and educational attainment (OR = 1.64, p = .001) were the strongest associated factors for better self-reported oral health in both migrant and Norwegian parents. Conclusions The association between dental attendance and better self-reported oral health highlights the need for consistent preventive dental care across generations. While various barriers may influence parental oral health behaviors during the migration process, prioritizing oral health and access to dental services remains essential. Our findings suggest that being a migrant is not the primary factor affecting oral health outcomes. Instead, it is the association with sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, and access to dental care that plays a significant role. To address disparities and improve oral health, health authorities should strengthen family- and community-based strategies within broader health promotion and preventive programs. Further research should also measure oral health behaviors and oral health literacy to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms at play and help guide effective interventions.