Pediatric Dentistry in Migrant Populations: A Systematic Review of Access, Needs, and Oral Health Outcomes

International migration has increased in recent years, creating new vulnerabilities for children’s oral health. This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence published between 2015 and 2025 on oral health status, dental care utilization, and barriers and facilitators to access among migrant children and adolescents. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Searches were conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and LILACS/SciELO, in addition to gray literature sources, including reports from WHO, UNICEF, and IOM, as well as governmental and NGO publications and academic theses. Two independent reviewers screened the studies and assessed methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools for quantitative studies and the CASP checklist for qualitative research. A narrative synthesis was performed. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. Reported dft/DMFT values ranged from 0.9 to 4.6, with more than 60% of untreated caries in several populations. Only 28–62% of migrant children had visited a dentist in the previous year, most often for pain or emergency care. Identified barriers were categorized as structural (costs and insurance coverage), sociocultural (language barriers, limited knowledge of the health system, and distrust), and administrative (legal status and documentation requirements). Facilitators included school-based preventive programs, mobile dental clinics, and the involvement of cultural mediators. The methodological quality of the included studies was heterogeneous, and the overall certainty of evidence was considered moderate to low. Migrant children experience a substantial burden of oral disease and limited, largely reactive access to dental care. Policies aimed at improving effective coverage, strengthening community-based prevention, and promoting culturally competent dental teams are urgently needed. Future research should prioritize longitudinal designs and rigorously evaluated interventions to better inform evidence-based policy and clinical practice.