Comparative assessment of antioxidant activities and phenolic acids from peel, pulp, and seed kernels of Indian mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars

The present study examines the distribution and abundance of phenolic compounds available in different fruit parts (peel, pulp, and kernel) of eight Indian mango cultivars (Alphonso, Amrapali, Dashehari, Kesar, Langra, Rajapuri, Sonpari, and Totapuri). Total phenol, flavonoid, and ascorbic acid were analyzed using spectrophotometry and abundance of individual phenolic acids were evaluated using RP-HPLC. Moreover, antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS + assay. It was observed that the highest total polyphenol content was found in Langra pulp (431.98 mg/100 g fw) and peel (1195.42 mg/100 g fw), maximum total flavonoid content in Langra peel (1.90 mg RE/g fw), and the highest antioxidant activities (DPPH, FRAP and ABTS + ) were observed in pulp, peel and kernel of Langra. The highest ascorbic acid found in Langra pulp and peel (86.43 and 21.79 mg/100 g). The Langra cultivar was found to have higher amounts of Vanillic acid, Gallic acid, Syringic acid, Caffeic acid, and p -Coumaric acid. RP-HPLC analysis suggested that each cultivar had higher concentration of one or several of the phenolic acids, however it was reported that some phenolic acids were below the detection limits. Gallic acid, followed by Vanillic acid, was predominantly found in all the cultivars irrespective of the parts analysed. The present research suggests that mango and its by-products have potential value as they are rich in various bioactive metabolites.