Energy Generation Policy Strategies for Low CO2 Emission in Rwanda Using LEAP Model-Based Analysis

This article used the Long-range Energy Alternative Planning and scenario-based analysis to investigate Rwanda’s future energy supply, the energy consumption and emitted GHGs from 2023 to 2053. Impacts of various energy policies are analyzed considering different scenarios such as low CO2 moderate, low CO2 advance, reference and green optimistic. It was found that by 2053 the demand will be 3075 PJ under reference scenario with a GHG emission increase of 201.3 Mt Co2 due to the consideration of aggressive strategies and energy policies from low CO2 moderate to low CO2 advance, as well as aggressive alternatives in green optimistic scenario. More aggressive policy intervention by government, as in green optimistic scenario, would result in a reduction in GHGs (124.4 Mt Co2e) and energy demand (2249 PJ) in 2053. This work also conducted the energy system and cost–benefit analyses.