Clinical characteristics and prognosis of T1N0M1 lung cancer: a population-based retrospective study

Metastatic T1 lung cancer has received significant attention in recent years. Stage T1N0M1 lung cancer is a rare subgroup that remains inadequately comprehended. This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics and develop a model to predict the prognosis of T1N0M1 lung cancer. The study selected patients with T1 metastasis lung cancer diagnosed between 2010 and 2016 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. A nomogram prognostic model was constructed to predict the survival of T1N0M1 patients. The discrimination, calibration and clinical utility of the nomogram were assessed using the Harrells concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve, decision curve analysis (DCA) and calibration curves in the train and validation group. This analysis included 1822 patients with T1N0M1. The T1N0M1 group had better overall survival (OS) and cancer—specific survival (CSS) than the other M1. A nomogram model was established using multivariate COX analysis to predict T1N0M1 patient survival. The overall performance of the nomogram was assessed, producing a C-index of 0.75 (95%CI: 0.73–0.78) in the training group and 0.72 (95%CI: 0.68–0.77) in the validation group. The DCA curves and calibration curves exhibited good concordance from the predicted survival probabilities to actual observation. Our study demonstrated that T1N0M1 has particular clinical features, and that age, race, sex, histology, metastasis site and therapy are closely associated with OS and CSS. Knowledge of clinical characteristics of patients with T1N0M1 is critical to guide individualized treatment and predicting prognoses.