Pesticide residues in date fruits ( Phoenix dactylifera L.): a systematic review

INTRODUCTION: L.) is a vital nutritional and economic resource in tropical and subtropical regions. However, the intensive use of agrochemicals to combat diverse pests has led to growing concerns regarding pesticide residues. This review aims to systematically evaluate the prevalence of these residues in date fruits and assess their compliance with global safety standards. METHODOLOGY: Following PRISMA guidelines and a PECOT-based strategy, a systematic search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar for studies published between January 2000-September 2024. Out of 4,172 identified records, 7 original studies were selected for final analysis. These studies involved 597 samples, primarily from the MENAP region, utilizing advanced chromatographic techniques often paired with QuEChERS extraction. RESULTS: The findings indicate the presence of various pesticide classes, including organophosphates, carbamates, and fungicides. While the majority of samples met international standards established by the Codex Alimentarius and European Food Safety Authority, specific instances were identified where pesticide concentrations significantly exceeded established Maximum Residue Levels. CONCLUSION: Although compliance with international safety thresholds is generally high, localized MRL exceedances demonstrate the need for continuous residue surveillance across date-producing regions to maintain global food safety standards.