Extraction and Analytical Standardisation of DMPBD and Related Phenylbutenoids From Cassumunar Ginger: A Systematic Review and Quantitative Evidence Map

The historical cassumunar ginger literature uses the names Zingiber purpureum , Zingiber cassumunar and Zingiber montanum and reports extraction outcomes using nonequivalent metrics and denominators. This compound‐indexed systematic review preserved source‐reported botanical identities and classified the bulk product yield, product ( E )‐1‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)butadiene (DMPBD) concentration, plant‐normalised DMPBD yield, extraction recovery, relative chromatographic abundance and phenylbutenoid enrichment as distinct estimates. Scopus, Dimensions, PubMed and Web of Science were searched from inception to 5 October 2026. Because the mandatory DMPBD/phenylbutenoid concept block was applied, this review is not an exhaustive inventory of cassumunar ginger extraction studies. The database search yielded 1047 records; 680 unique records were screened, and 17 full texts were assessed. Scopus citation searches of the 15 included studies revealed 367 additional unique records; eight were assessed in full text, none were eligible, and 15 studies were included. Four studies provided matched extraction‐process comparisons, whereas one additional study compared product concentrations across dissimilar essential oil and carrier‐integrated matrices. In separate studies, pressurised‐liquid extraction produced the highest source‐reported DMPBD analyte‐to‐internal‐standard response, and compared with hydrodistillation, solvent‐free microwave extraction produced a higher relative GC–MS DMPBD peak‐area percentage. Neither finding demonstrated greater recovered DMPBD mass nor plant‐normalised DMPBD yield. A harmonisation audit yielded only two noncomparable plant‐normalised estimates; meta‐analysis remained precluded by differences in botanical material, product matrix, plant‐mass basis and process‐level variance. Accordingly, no extraction technology can be ranked as universally superior. Analytical standardisation should combine authenticated materials, independent extraction batches, validated compound‐specific quantification, plant‐normalised DMPBD yield, mass balance and measured resource‐use reporting.