Integrating Real-World Evidence, Patient-Reported Outcomes and Health Economics into Evidence-Based Public Health—A Narrative Review and Conceptual Framework

Contemporary healthcare systems operate in an environment characterized by the rapid development of digital technologies and the growing availability of health data. While these developments may increase the complexity of health policy decision-making, they also create new opportunities to support this process. In addition to clinical trial findings, RWD/RWE, PROMs, and PREMs, as well as analyses in the fields of health economics, HTA, and VBHC, are becoming increasingly important. The aim of this article is to present the current state of knowledge on the integration of these data and evidence sources within the EBPH approach and to discuss their relevance to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of health interventions. Based on a review of the literature, we propose an original conceptual model for health policy decision-making—the Integrated Evidence-Based Public Health Framework, which integrates epidemiological data, RWE, patient-reported information, and economic analyses within a single decision-support framework. The proposed model is consistent with the LHS concept and may provide a useful tool for supporting rational health policy planning and assessing the value of health interventions.