Key result
Biological sex influences cardiorenal disease, with chronic kidney disease disproportionately increasing excess all-cause mortality risk in females (6.84%) compared to males (5.17%).
Why the study?
Sex differences in blood pressure regulation involve complex biological processes including sex chromosomes, hormones, RAAS, sympathetic nervous system, immune pathways, and kidney mechanisms.
Recognizing sex as a fundamental biological variable across the cardiorenal continuum is essential for accurate cardiovascular risk stratification and personalized management of hypertension and chronic kidney disease.
described sex differences in blood pressure regulation as fundamental biological processes driven by interactions between sex chromosomes, sex hormones, the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), the sympathetic nervous system, immune pathways, and kidney-specific mechanisms.
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Pearcey (2026) conducted a review in Hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. Female sex vs. Male sex was evaluated. Biological sex influences cardiorenal disease, with chronic kidney disease disproportionately increasing excess all-cause mortality risk in females (6.84%) compared to males (5.17%).
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