Clinical Applicability of an Intrarenal Venous Flow Analysis for the Diagnosis of Impaired 2 Hemodynamics regardless of the Chronic Kidney Disease Stage

). The IRVF patterns were categorized as either continuous or discontinuous.Methods Hemodynamic parameters assessed using right heart catheterization included the mean right atrial pressure (mRAP), mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure (mPAWP), and mean inferior vena cava pressure (mIVCP). The associations between IRVF patterns and hemodynamic parameters were analyzed, and a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the independent predictors of discontinuous IRVF.Results Discontinuous IRVF was observed in 65 patients (29%) and it was more frequent in those with lower eGFR. Across all CKD stages, patients with discontinuous IRVF had significantly higher mRAP, mPAP, and mPAWP than those with continuous IRVF. A multivariate analysis identified mRAP, mPAP, and moderate or greater tricuspid regurgitation as independent predictors of discontinuous IRVF.Conclusion An IRVF analysis may be a useful noninvasive method for detecting impaired hemodynamics in patients with CKD, including those undergoing dialysis.