Evaluation of High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major global cause of morbidity and death, and prompt treatment depends on a quick diagnosis using high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI). Objective: This study's objective was to evaluate hs-cTnI's diagnostic value in individuals with suspected AMI. Methodology: The study was a prospective observational study carried out from March 2024 to February 2025 in the Department of Cardiology, Saidu Teaching Hospital, Swat, and the Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University Islamabad Campus. All eligible patients with suspected AMI were recruited using consecutive sampling and the levels of hs-cTnI were measured at baseline and 3–6 hours; the final clinical diagnosis was the gold standard for diagnostic accuracy. Data were analysed with the SPSS software version 25. Results Of the 326 patients, 152 (46.63%) had no AMI and 174 (53.37%) had an AMI diagnosis. The most prevalent symptom (88.65%) was chest discomfort. The most common risk factors were diabetes mellitus (45.40%) and hypertension (53.99%). For hs-cTnI, the corresponding sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall accuracy were 91.95%, 81.58%, 85.11%, 89.86%, and 87.12%. Excellent diagnostic performance was shown by the area under the ROC curve, which was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.88–0.94). AMI patients had considerably higher mean hs-cTnI levels (12.84 ± 4.56 ng/L) than non-AMI patients (2.36 ± 1.18 ng/L, p < 0.001). Conclusion Hs-cTnI is a strong discriminator and a reliable early biomarker for the diagnosis of AMI.