Key result
High adverse adulthood experiences linked to ~83% higher odds of advanced CKM syndrome.
Why the study?
The associations of adverse adulthood experiences with advanced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome and the role of depressive symptoms in this relationship were unclear.
Do adverse adulthood experiences increase the risk of advanced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome in adults?
Cross-Sectional (n=5,601)
Yes
Do adverse adulthood experiences increase the risk of advanced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome in adults?
Odds Ratio: 1.83 (95% CI 1.26–2.67)
p-value: p=0.002
Higher cumulative exposure to adverse adulthood experiences is independently associated with an increased risk of advanced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, with depressive symptoms potentially mediating this relationship.
Adverse adulthood experiences were associated with advanced CKM syndrome; extends psychosocial risk evidence but should not yet change practice.
This study aimed to examine the associations of adverse adulthood experiences (AAEs) with advanced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome. In addition, we conducted a cross-sectional mediation analysis and a joint analysis to examine the associations of depressive symptoms with advanced CKM syndrome. AAEs were determined by five questionnaire indicators. The evaluation of depressive symptoms utilized the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Advanced CKM syndrome refers to stages 3 and 4 of CKM syndrome. Logistic regression, cross-sectional mediation analysis, joint analysis, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analyses were applied in this study. This study included 5601 participants drawn from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The average prevalence of advanced CKM syndrome was 34.87%. After adjusting for all covariates, compared to low AAEs, the risk of advanced CKM syndrome was 1.83 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26–2.67, P = 0.002] for high AAEs. In joint analysis, compared with the group with no depressive symptoms and low AAEs, the presence of depressive symptoms and high AAEs showed a higher risk of advanced CKM syndrome [odds ratio (OR) = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.87–3.32, P <0.001]. Depressive symptoms showed a possible association in the relationship between AAEs and advanced CKM syndrome. Compared to low AAEs, the ORs for medium and high AAEs were 1.011 (95% CI: 1.007–1.020, P < 0.001) and 1.024 (95% CI: 1.014–1.030, P < 0.001), respectively. Our study found AAEs were associated with an increased risk of advanced CKM syndrome. The findings are driven primarily by the psychosocial AAEs, while health-related items likely reflect disease-related factors. Besides, depressive symptoms showed a potential cross-sectional association with the relationship between AAEs and CKM syndrome. In addition, an combined association was noted between AAEs and depressive symptoms concerning advanced CKM syndrome.
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Hong et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome (n=5,601). High adverse adulthood experiences (AAEs) vs. Low adverse adulthood experiences (AAEs) was evaluated on Prevalence of advanced CKM syndrome (stages 3 and 4) (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.26–2.67, p=0.002). High adverse adulthood experiences significantly increased the odds of having advanced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome compared to low adverse adulthood experiences (OR 1.83).
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