Key result
Controlled essential hypertension is linked to ~48-fold higher odds of abnormal spirometry versus normotensive controls.
Why the study?
The impact of controlled essential hypertension on pulmonary function in Indian adults remains unclear, necessitating investigation of spirometric differences.
Does controlled essential hypertension affect spirometric parameters in non-smoking adults compared to normotensive healthy controls?
Cross-Sectional (n=84)
No
Does controlled essential hypertension affect spirometric parameters in non-smoking adults compared to normotensive healthy controls?
Odds Ratio: 47.5
Absolute Event Rate: 83.3% vs 9.5%
p-value: p=<0.0001
Controlled essential hypertension is associated with significant unrecognized impairments in lung function, suggesting potential value in routine spirometry for this population.
Introduction: Hypertension’s impact on global health is vast, yet its link to Indian pulmonary function remains unclear. Despite maintaining controlled blood pressure, hypertensive individuals may harbour undetected pulmonary deficits, necessitating a closer look at the intersection of cardiovascular and respiratory health. Aim: To compare spirometric parameters between subjects with controlled essential hypertension and normotensive healthy controls in Eastern India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Rampurhat Government Medical College and Hospital of eastern India from April to December 2024. Total 84 nonsmoking participants {42 controlled essential hypertensives (≥1 year duration), 42 normotensive} aged 18-60 years underwent spirometric evaluation. Spirometric parameters like Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1 ), FEV1 /FVC ratio, Forced Expiratory Flow 25-75% (FEF25-75%) and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) were measured using standardised American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) protocols. Data were statistically analysed by using Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Participants were middle-aged adults, with a mean age of 43.38 years including both the genders. However, hypertensive participants were significantly older (50.6±8.81 vs. 36.17±15.03 years, p<0.0001) with higher Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) (103.43±8.79 vs. 88.93±6.09 mmHg, p<0.0001). All spirometric parameters except FEV1 / FVC ratio were significantly impaired in hypertensives: FVC (68.52±12.77% vs. 100.6±15.69% predicted, p<0.0001), FEV1 (71.17±16.93% vs. 107.12±14.62% predicted, p<0.0001), PEFR (44.86±28.04% vs. 95.57±32.7% predicted, p<0.0001), and FEF25-75% (57.57±43.42% vs. 100.4±35.5% predicted, p<0.0001). Abnormal spirometric patterns occurred in 83.3% of hypertensives versus 9.5% of controls (OR=47.5, p<0.0001), with mixed defects predominating (59.5%). Strong negative correlations existed between MAP and spirometric indices (ρ=- 0.75 for MAP-FVC). Conclusion: The present study findings indicated that controlled essential hypertension significantly impairs lung function in Eastern Indians, necessitating routine spirometry for comprehensive risk assessment.
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Mukherjee et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Controlled essential hypertension (n=84). Controlled essential hypertension vs. Normotensive healthy controls was evaluated on Abnormal spirometric patterns (OR 47.5, p=<0.0001). Controlled essential hypertension was associated with a significantly higher prevalence of abnormal spirometric patterns compared to normotensive controls (83.3% vs 9.5%; OR 47.5, p<0.0001).
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