Hesperidin attenuates cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats through regulating autophagy.

Figures

• 

  Figure 1. Effects of heperidin (Hes) on histological evaluation of heart tissue in different groups. (a) Sham group: Normal heart tissue (200×). (b, c) Cisplatin (Cis) group: Indicating pyknosis (Green arrows), Hyperemia (orange arrows), and inflammatory cell infiltrations (Yellow arrows) (200×). (d) Rats receiving Hes (50 mg/kg) + Cis: indicating indicating pyknosis (Green arrows), and inflammatory cell infiltrations (Yellow arrows) (200×). (e) Rats receiving Hes (100 mg/kg) + Cis: indicating pyknosis (Green arrows), and inflammatory cell infiltrations (Yellow arrows) (200×). (f) Rats receiving Hes (200 mg/kg) + Cis: indicating normal structure (200×). Tissue samples were stained with H&E dyes. **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 compared to sham rats.

• 

  Figure 2. Effects of Hes on heart tissue MDA (a) and TAC (b) in Cis nephrotoxicity (mean ± SEM, n = 5). Sham, Cis (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.), Hes (50 mg/kg, gavage, seven days) + Cis (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.), Hes (100 mg/kg, gavage, seven days) + Cis (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.), One way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. ##p < 0.001 and ##p < 0.01, vs. sham group, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001, vs. Cis group. Φp < 0.05 and ΦΦp < 0.01, vs. Hes (50 mg/kg) + Cis group.

• 

  Figure 3. Effects of Hes on serum levels of CK-MB (a), and LDH (b) in Cis cardiotoxicity (mean ± SEM, n = 5). Sham, Cis (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.), Hes (50 mg/kg, gavage, seven days) + Cis (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.), Hes (100 mg/kg, gavage, seven days) + Cis (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.), One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. ##p < 0.001 and ##p < 0.01 vs. sham group, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001, vs. Cis group. ΦΦΦp < 0.001, vs. Hes (50 mg/kg) + Cis group.

• 

  Figure 4. Effect of Hes on LC3-II (a), and beclin-1(b) in Cis cardiotoxicity (mean ± SEM, n = 5). Sham, Cis (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.), Hes (50 mg/kg, gavage, seven days) + Cis (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.), Hes (100 mg/kg, gavage, seven days) + Cis (20 mg/kg, i.p.). Analysis of the QRT-PCR results showed that the level of LC3-II and beclin-1 expression in Cis group was significantly lower than that in Hes (200 mg/kg) groups. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. ###p < 0.001, vs. sham, *p < 0.05, vs. Cis group. p < 0.05, vs. Hes 50 mg/kg + Cis.

• 

  Figure 5. Effect of Hes on Heart rate (A), QRS voltage (B), QT (C), QTc (D), and PR interval (E) in cardiotoxicity (mean ± SEM, n = 5). Sham, Cis (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.), Hes (50 mg/kg, gavage, seven days) + Cis (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.), Hes (100 mg/kg, gavage, seven days) + Cis (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.), and Hes (200 mg/kg, gavage, seven days) + Cis (20 mg/kg, i.p.), One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. ##p < 0.05 and ###p < 0.001 vs. sham group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001, vs. Cis group. *p < 0.05 and **Sp < 0.01, vs. Hes 50 mg/kg + Cis.