Supply Chain 4.0, Lean–Agile–Green (LAG) Practices, and Sustainability: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Agenda

Background: Supply Chain 4.0 (SC4.0) has rapidly evolved as a result of digital technologies enabling connectivity, intelligence, visibility and data-driven decision-making in SC. These advancements have also opened the door to improving operational efficiency and environmental and social sustainability. Despite growing scholarship, the concepts of SC4.0, Lean–Agile–Green (LAG) practices, resilience, and sustainable SC management remain scattered in the literature. Methods: The objective of this study is to systematically review the current research literature on SC4.0 and sustainable SCs in order to synthesize the main themes in the existing research, identify gaps in theory, context, and methodology, and generate an agenda for future research. This study uses the Scientific Procedures and Rationales for Systematic Literature Reviews (SPAR-4-SLR) protocol. Sixty-two articles were included in the final dataset after systematic screening and eligibility assessment. Results: The review identifies six key themes and shows a growing linkage between SC4.0 technologies and LAG practices, SC integration and circular economy practices, resilience, innovation capability, and sustainable SC performance. Conclusions: But there are huge gaps in integration of these research streams, as well as in theoretical, contextual, and methodological levels.