Sustainable Supply Chain Management, Green Operations, and Circular Economy Practices: A Theoretical Framework for Organizational Sustainability

Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM), green operations, and circular economy (CE) practices have become fundamental pillars of modern organizational sustainability. Escalating environmental concerns, resource scarcity, climate change, and increasing stakeholder expectations have compelled organizations to transition from traditional linear business models to sustainable and regenerative operational systems. This theoretical study synthesizes contemporary literature to develop an integrated framework explaining the interrelationships among sustainable supply chain management, green operations, and circular economy practices. Drawing upon the Natural Resource-Based View (NRBV), Stakeholder Theory [1], Institutional Theory, Triple Bottom Line (TBL), and Circular Economy Theory [2], the study proposes a comprehensive conceptual model illustrating how sustainable procurement, green manufacturing, reverse logistics, resource efficiency, ecoinnovation, and circular resource flows collectively contribute to environmental, economic, and social sustainability. The paper further identifies research gaps and develops a conceptual foundation for future empirical investigations. The proposed framework provides strategic insights for managers, policymakers, and researchers seeking to improve organizational resilience and long-term sustainable competitiveness.