Bioclimatic Design of an Educational Building in a Coastal Desert Climate: A Design-Stage Screening of Passive Strategies Against the Local Climate Potential (Villa María del Triunfo, Lima)

The construction sector accounts for a substantial share of global energy consumption and emissions, and bioclimatic design offers a low-cost mitigation pathway when tuned to the local climate. This design-stage screening examines to what extent the passive strategies of a preliminary design for an educational building in Villa María del Triunfo, on the desert coast of Lima, Peru, respond to the bioclimatic potential of its site, and which adjustments could improve their fit before construction. The local climate was characterized from an open-access typical meteorological year (Photovoltaic Geographical Information System, PVGIS-ERA5, 2005–2023), contrasted with a regional weather station, and each project strategy was compared with the climatic priorities derived from the Givoni bioclimatic chart. The results show a mild, very humid climate with no cooling demand, in which 96.2% of the hours have the potential to be addressed through passive strategies and the dominant challenge is to capture heat and manage humidity. The design responds only partially, since it is well-resolved in orientation and thermal mass yet incorporates strategies conceived to dissipate nonexistent heat. From this diagnosis, design recommendations are derived, together with a correspondence matrix whose findings, based on a single case, are indicative for analogous coastal desert climates.