A dynamic and viewing-direction-aware 3D visuospatial analysis framework for indoor environments based on embodied 3D isovist

Quantitative analysis of dynamic visuospatial experience is increasingly important as behavioural experiments provide fine-grained positional and viewing records. Isovist analysis is a well-established method for visuospatial analysis of architectural spaces, and Embodied 3D Isovist represents one extension of this approach to three-dimensional analysis. However, methods for applying Embodied 3D Isovist to path analysis remain underdeveloped, particularly in representing continuous movement and direction-dependent visual experience. The present study proposes a framework that directly operates on time-series position and viewing direction data. A case study compared grid-like and continuous conditions, limited- and unlimited-FOV conditions, and opposing movement directions along the same path. The results showed that grid-like analysis generally approximated continuous analysis, whereas FOV limitation produced clear direction-dependent differences, particularly in open spaces. The case study also identified a limitation in the original definition of the properties and indicated a potential relationship between dynamic visibility transitions and spatial cognition. The proposed framework extends Embodied 3D Isovist towards analysing dynamic visuospatial experience during movement.