Two cases of localized neuroblastoma with multiple segmental chromosomal alterations and metastatic progression

Surgery alone is curative for most children with localized MYCN-non-amplified neuroblastoma. However, 10-15% will develop recurrent loco-regional disease, and very rarely, patients will relapse metastatically. Currently, it is not possible to predict which child with localized, MYCN-non-amplified neuroblastoma will develop disseminated disease. We report two children who presented with favorable biology, localized neuroblastoma and subsequently relapsed with metastatic disease after treatment with surgery. Whole-genome DNA copy number analyses performed on the diagnostic tumors identified 15 (case 1) and 8 (case 2) segmental chromosomal alterations. Further analysis of the prognostic value of whole-genome analysis in children with localized neuroblastoma is warranted.