PtdIns(3,4,5)P 3 and PtdIns(3,4)P 2 are second messengers and key regulators of tumorigenesis. Their production and degradation are spatiotemporally regulated by a network of phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases which is frequently altered in cancer. Both molecules serve as docking and activation sites for PH-domain containing effector proteins regulating oncogenic traits. This review will detail the proteins and pathways involved in the upstream regulation and downstream functions of PtdIns(3,4,5)P 3 and PtdIns(3,4)P 2 . In addition, it will cover the spatiotemporal distribution of these two PtdIns and relevant analysis techniques.
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Nelson et al. (2026) studied this question.
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