Euler E834: Mechanical astronomy | English translation | OMH v1.0

English translation of “Astronomia mechanica” (Eneström E834), titled “Mechanical astronomy.” Attribution: Leonhard Euler. This PDF includes original pp. 177–316, all seven chapters and paragraphs 1–220, the digression and comet calculations, and figures 172–191. Prepared for Open Math Heritage with OpenAI-assisted translation, mathematical transcription and LaTeX typesetting. OMH v1.0 is a machine-assisted draft that has undergone a full, fresh independent AI-assisted technical audit of source coverage, translation, formulas, tables and figures where present, and rendered output. This is not a claim of human scholarly review or certification of the historical mathematics. Version 2 is reserved for a fully reviewed edition. Original publication: Opera postuma mathematica et physica, vol. II (Saint Petersburg, 1862), pp. 177–316; composed 1759. Sources: https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/euler-works/834/; https://archive.org/details/operapostumamath02euleuoft. The Toronto/Gerstein Internet Archive item records NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT. Both historical witnesses have gutter damage or shadow, so contextual completions of lost word endings cannot be certified as visible readings. The celestial diagram reference on p. 316 does not match plate figure 191 and remains unresolved; no replacement geometry is invented. Figures belonging to the successor work are excluded. The historical original is public domain by age; no publication license is assigned here to the new translation or editorial notes.