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Yttrium(III) trifluoroacetate is used as efficient catalyst for reaction of benzil, aldehydes, and ammonium acetate under mild and solvent-free conditions to afford the corresponding 2,4,5-triarylimidazoles in high yields and short reaction time. Furthermore, the catalyst can be recovered conveniently and reused several times in the reaction without a significant loss of catalytic activity.
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Wang et al. (2010) studied this question.
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