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A new fullwave global analysis of complex inhomogeneous microwave structures including passive or active, linear or nonlinear lumped elements is presented. For a given structure, only one electromagnetic simulation of the distributed part, by a three-dimensional (3-D) finite element method using edge elements, is needed corresponding to the insertion of variable lumped elements placed at the same position. Simulation results of various test cases, containing either resistor, diode, or active component, are compared with those provided by a commercial circuit analysis software or with measurements results. Our validated electromagnetic simulator is then used for analyzing a planar balanced mixer operating in the millimetric range.
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Guillouard et al. (1996) studied this question.
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