Preoperative Skin Preconditioning with Autologous PRP and SVF: Effects on Cutaneous and Adnexal Repair in a Rabbit Pilot Study

Background: Optimal healing of surgical skin wounds remains a critical issue in modern surgery. This study evaluated the effect of preoperative administration (before wound creation) of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and stromal vascular fraction (SVF) on wound healing in a rabbit full-thickness excisional skin wound model. Methods: Forty animals were randomized into five groups: control (no treatment), 0.9% NaCl, SVF, PRP, and PRP + SVF. Biological agents were injected intradermally 24 h before standardized 2-cm excisional wounds were created. Histological, morphometric, IHC and contraction indices (SCI, DCI, WCI) were assessed at days 7, 14, and 30. Results: Preoperative administration of PRP + SVF significantly enhanced cutaneous wound repair, with early re-epithelialization evident by day 7 and complete epithelial restoration by day 14 compared with the control group. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that the PRP + SVF group demonstrated the highest angiogenic response on day 7 (median 24 vs. 12 in the control group, p = 0.027), the greatest regenerative tissue thickness on day 14 (84.5% vs. 62.5%, p = 0.021), and the highest extracellular matrix remodeling index on day 30 (0.655 vs. 0.404), accompanied by regeneration of skin appendages (median score 3 vs. 1 in the control group, p = 0.005). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that preoperative administration of PRP combined with SVF improves the histological and histomorphometric outcomes of cutaneous wound healing. These preliminary findings provide a rationale for further experimental studies to validate and optimize this approach, to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, and to clarify the specific contribution of preoperative tissue conditioning.