Histopathological Spectrum of Malignancies in the Female Genital Tract in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India

Background: Female genital tract malignancies comprise diverse tumors with distinct anatomical and histopathological characteristics.Hospital-based studies can describe the local diagnostic spectrum and complement cancer registry data.Aim and objectives: To evaluate the histopathological spectrum and age-wise distribution of female genital tract malignancies at a tertiary care hospital in Central India.Materials and methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over 18 months in the Department of Pathology, Amaltas Institute of Medical Sciences, Dewas, Madhya Pradesh, India.It included 126 women aged ≥30 years with histopathologically confirmed female genital tract malignancies.Benign and inflammatory lesions, recurrent or previously treated malignancies, and unsuitable specimens were excluded.Clinical information and gross and microscopic findings were recorded.Histological classification followed the 2020 World Health Organization classification.Data were analyzed descriptively.Results: The mean age was 56.67 ± 12.92 years (range: 31-85 years), with 90 (71.4%) patients aged 41-70 years.Lower abdominal pain occurred in 59 (46.8%), postmenopausal bleeding in 28 (22.2%), and menorrhagia in 26 (20.6%).Squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequently recorded histological type.Other diagnoses included adenocarcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma, serous and mucinous carcinomas, mesenchymal malignancies, germ cell tumors, and granulosa cell tumors.Histopathological diagnoses were presented separately from documented tumor grade.Conclusions: Squamous cell carcinoma categories predominated within a diverse institutional histopathological spectrum.Most patients were middle-aged or older.Standardized pathological reporting and larger multicenter studies would strengthen understanding of regional patterns.