Global Burden and Trends of Early‐Onset Tracheal, Bronchus, and Lung Cancer Among Women From 1990 to 2021

Background To assess the trends in the global disease burden of early‐onset female tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer (TBL) from 1990 to 2021. Methods The estimates of age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age‐standardized death rate (ASDR), age‐standardized disability‐adjusted life years (DALY) rate, and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were extracted, with subsequent analysis of attributable risk factors. Results From 1990 to 2021, the global disease burden of early‐onset female TBL showed a decreasing trend, as reflected by negative EAPCs for the age‐standardized DALY rate, ASDR, and ASIR (all EAPCs < 0). Among different socio‐demographic index (SDI) regions, low‐middle SDI regions saw the fastest growth in age‐standardized DALY rates (EAPC = 0.66), ASDR (EAPC = 0.68), and ASIR (EAPC = 0.75). The age distribution showed that the 15–19 and 20–24 age groups in low SDI regions had the highest EAPC (both 1.12). Regional analysis shows that South Asia shows the fastest rising trends in all indicators (DALY rate EAPC = 1.42, ASDR EAPC = 1.44, ASIR EAPC = 1.53). Ambient particulate matter pollution shows the fastest growth (DALY rate EAPC = 1.22, ASDR EAPC = 1.27). Conclusions The global disease burden of early‐onset female TBL continues to increase in younger populations in low SDI regions. Ambient particulate matter pollution is the primary growth factor. High‐burden areas and South Asia face rapidly growing crises.