Growth factors: Mechanistic insight of protein based biological macromolecules and its facets of delivery for diabetic wound healing

A recent study found that there are currently 536.6 million persons worldwide with diabetes and believed to be 783.2 million till 2045. An extensive literature survey was done using Springer, Nature, and PubMed sources to compile the review based on the effectiveness and possible mechanism of action of protein based biological growth factors in diabetic wound healing. The most prevalent type of diabetic wounds is the diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), which has a recurrence incidence of 30%-50%. When it comes to diabetic wounds in particular, Growth Factors (GFs) play a significant part in poor wound healing. They have an impact on a variety of activities including alterations in inflammatory cells, macrophages etc. GFs speed up to enhance wound healing. Conclusively, all the growth factors exhibited an effective wound healing response through various mechanisms of action including fibroblast proliferation, enhancing proliferating, granulation tissue formation, re-epithelization, capillary density, tissue remodelling, detoxification of ROS and tissue formation when incorporated in diverse form of novel drug delivery systems i.e., particulates, hydrogels, scaffolds, and/or other systems. In future, the recombinant growth factors might be utilized in the healing/management of diabetic wounds i.e., acute or chronic wounds. However, more research is need to determine the effectiveness of this combination treatment approach. This is promising research to confirm the efficacy and mechanism of action of recombinant growth factors.